Izotopet E Magnezit

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Oct 22, 2013  Kimia ne jeten e perditshme 1. Kimia ne Jeten e perditshme Punoi: Orven Bregu Klasa 3-2 2. C’eshte Kimia??? Kimia eshte shkenca ose me sakte ajo dege e shkencave natyrore qe merret me studimin e ndertimit te vetive te materies dhe transformimeve te saj. The Company “Magnezit Group” is represented in Europe through a wide network of regional departments under common trade mark “DALMOND” Dalmond Refractories Polska Ltd. – polish branch office of Dalmond supplying European and North African clients with all kind of refractories and raw material products. About the Group. Magnezit Group is a reliable, effective and stable Russian Company. We have a serious international experience and recognition as one of the world’s leading manufacturer of high-class refractory products and its maintaining services.

Magnesite can be formed via talc carbonate metasomatism of peridotite and other ultramafic rocks. Magnesite is formed via carbonation of olivine in the presence of water and carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures and high pressures typical of the greenschist facies. Russian Magnezit™ is a new flagship line of materials for manufacturing high performance refractory products used in heat-containing industrial vessels. Russian Magnezit™ is fused and dead-burned magnesia with an MgO content of 97% and above, a CaO/SiO 2 ratio of at least 2, and a high degree of crystal size consistency. From 2010 till 2017 was a managing director of Magnezit Group Europe GmbH in Germany. Born in 1972. Director of the Legal Department of Magnezit Group. Artyom Tokarev. The head of the Legal Support Department of Magnezit Group, holds leadership positions in business structures within the Magnezit Group since 2000. About the Group. Magnezit Group is a reliable, effective and stable Russian Company. We have a serious international experience and recognition as one of the world’s leading manufacturer of high-class refractory products and its maintaining services.

Magnesite
Magnesite crystals from Brazil (11.4 x 9.2 x 3.6 cm)
General
CategoryCarbonate mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)		MgCO3
Strunz classification5.AB.05
Crystal systemTrigonal
Crystal classHexagonal scalenohedral (3m)
H-M symbol: (3 2/m)
Space groupR3c
Identification
ColorColorless, white, pale yellow, pale brown, faintly pink, lilac-rose
Crystal habitUsually massive, rarely as rhombohedrons or hexagonal prisms
Cleavage[1011] perfect
FractureConchoidal
TenacityBrittle
Mohs scalehardness3.5 – 4.5
LusterVitreous
Streakwhite
DiaphaneityTransparent to translucent
Specific gravity3.0 – 3.2
Optical propertiesUniaxial (-)
Refractive indexnω=1.508 – 1.510 nε=1.700
Birefringence0.191
Fusibilityinfusible
SolubilityEffervesces in hot HCl
Other characteristicsMay exhibit pale green to pale blue fluorescence and phosphorescence under UV; triboluminescent
References[1][2][3][4]

Magnesite is a mineral with the chemical formula MgCO
3 (magnesium carbonate). Iron, manganese, cobalt and nickel may occur as admixtures, but only in small amounts.

Occurrence[edit]

Magnesite occurs as veins in and an alteration product of ultramafic rocks, serpentinite and other magnesium rich rock types in both contact and regional metamorphic terrains. These magnesites are often cryptocrystalline and contain silica in the form of opal or chert.

Magnesite is also present within the regolith above ultramafic rocks as a secondary carbonate within soil and subsoil, where it is deposited as a consequence of dissolution of magnesium-bearing minerals by carbon dioxide in groundwaters.

Formation[edit]

Magnesite can be formed via talc carbonatemetasomatism of peridotite and other ultramafic rocks. Magnesite is formed via carbonation of olivine in the presence of water and carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures and high pressures typical of the greenschist facies.

Magnesite can also be formed via the carbonation of magnesium serpentine (lizardite) via the following reaction:

2 Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 + 3 CO2 → Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 + 3 MgCO3 + 3 H2O.

However, when performing this reaction in the laboratory, the trihydrated form of magnesium carbonate (nesquehonite) will form at room temperature.[5] This very observation led to the postulation of a 'dehydration barrier' being involved in the low-temperature formation of anhydrous magnesium carbonate.[6] Laboratory experiments with formamide, a liquid resembling water, have shown how no such dehydration barrier can be involved. The fundamental difficulty to nucleate anhydrous magnesium carbonate remains when using this non-aqueous solution. Not cation dehydration, but rather the spatial configuration of carbonate anions creates the barrier in the low-temperature nucleation of magnesite.[7]

Magnesite in a natural form (from Lubeník in Slovakia)

Magnesite has been found in modern sediments, caves and soils. Its low-temperature (around 40 °C [104 °F]) formation is known to require alternations between precipitation and dissolution intervals.[8][9][10]

Magnesite was detected in meteoriteALH84001 and on planet Mars itself. Magnesite was identified on Mars using infra-red spectroscopy from satellite orbit.[11] Controversy still exists over the temperature of formation of this magnesite. Low-temperature formation has been suggested for the magnesite from the Mars-derived ALH84001 meteorite.[12][13] The low-temperature formation of magnesite might well be of significance toward large-scale carbon sequestration.[14]

Magnesium-rich olivine (forsterite) favors production of magnesite from peridotite. Iron-rich olivine (fayalite) favors production of magnetite-magnesite-silica compositions.

Magnesite can also be formed by way of metasomatism in skarn deposits, in dolomiticlimestones, associated with wollastonite, periclase, and talc.

Uses[edit]

Dyed and polished magnesite beads
Magnesite of Salem

Similar to the production of lime, magnesite can be burned in the presence of charcoal to produce MgO, which, in the form of a mineral, is known as periclase. Large quantities of magnesite are burnt to make magnesium oxide: an important refractory material used as a lining in blast furnaces, kilns and incinerators. Calcination temperatures determine the reactivity of resulting oxide products and the classifications of light burnt and dead burnt refer to the surface area and resulting reactivity of the product, typically as determined by an industry metric of the iodine number. 'Light burnt' product generally refers to calcination commencing at 450 °C and proceeding to an upper limit of 900 °C – which results in good surface area and reactivity. Above 900 °C, the material loses its reactive crystalline structure and reverts to the chemically inert 'dead-burnt' product- which is preferred for use in refractory materials such as furnace linings.

Magnesite can also be used as a binder in flooring material (magnesite screed).[15] Furthermore, it is being used as a catalyst and filler in the production of synthetic rubber and in the preparation of magnesium chemicals and fertilizers.

In fire assay, magnesite cupels can be used for cupellation as the magnesite cupel will resist the high temperatures involved.

Magnesite can be cut, drilled, and polished to form beads that are used in jewelry-making. Magnesite beads can be dyed into a broad spectrum of bold colors, including a light blue color that mimics the appearance of turquoise.

Research is proceeding to evaluate the practicality of sequestering the greenhouse gascarbon dioxide in magnesite on a large scale.[16]

Occupational safety and health[edit]

People can be exposed to magnesite in the workplace by inhaling it, skin contact, and eye contact.

USA[edit]

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (permissible exposure limit) for magnesite exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m3 total exposure and 5 mg/m3 respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 10 mg/m3 total exposure and 5 mg/m3 respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday.[17]

References[edit]

  1. ^http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/magnesite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy
  2. ^http://www.mindat.org/min-2482.html Mindat.org
  3. ^http://webmineral.com/data/Magnesite.shtml Webmineral data
  4. ^Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr., Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., p. 332 ISBN0-471-80580-7
  5. ^Leitmeier, H.(1916): Einige Bemerkungen über die Entstehung von Magnesit und Sideritlagerstätten, Mitteilungen der Geologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol.9, pp. 159–166.
  6. ^Lippmann, F. (1973): Sedimentary carbonate minerals. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 228 p.
  7. ^Xu, J; Yan, C.; Zhang, F.; Konishi, H., Xu, H. & Teng, H. H. (2013): Testing the cation-hydration effect on the crystallization of Ca – Mg- CO3 systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US, vol.110 (44), pp.17750-17755.
  8. ^Deelman, J.C. (1999): 'Low-temperature nucleation of magnesite and dolomite', Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, pp. 289–302.
  9. ^Alves dos Anjos et al. (2011): Synthesis of magnesite at low temperature. Carbonates and Evaporites, vol.26, pp.213-215. [1]
  10. ^Hobbs, F. W. C. and Xu, H. (2020): Magnesite formation through temperature and pH cycling as a proxy for lagoon and playa environments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.269, pp.101-116.
  11. ^Ehlmann, B. L. et al. (2008): Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars. Science, vol.322, no.5909, pp.1828-1832.
  12. ^McSween Jr, H. Y and Harvey, R. P.(1998): An evaporation model for formation of carbonates in the ALH84001 Martian meteorite. International Geology Review, vol.49, pp.774-783.
  13. ^Warren, P. H. (1998): Petrologic evidence for low-temperature, possibly flood evaporitic origin of carbonates in the ALH84001 meteorite. Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.103, no.E7, 16759-16773.
  14. ^Oelkers, E. H.; Gislason, S. R. and Matter, J. (2008): Mineral carbonation of CO2. Elements, vol.4, pp.333-337.
  15. ^Information about magnesite flooring, West Coast Deck Water Proofing
  16. ^'Scientists find way to make mineral which can remove CO2 from atmosphere'. phys.org/news. Retrieved 2018-08-15.
  17. ^'CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Magnesite'. www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
  • Smithsonian Rock and Gem ISBN0-7566-0962-3
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnesite&oldid=943044911'
IZotope
IndustrySoftware industry/SIP licensing
Headquarters,
Worldwide
Productsaudio middleware
Websitewww.izotope.com

iZotope, Inc. is an audio technology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. iZotope develops professional audio software for audio recording, mixing, broadcast, sound design, and mastering which can be used in wide range of Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) programs. In addition, iZotope creates and licenses audio DSP technology including noise reduction, sample rate conversion, dithering, time stretching, and audio enhancement to hardware and software companies in the consumer and pro audio industries.

Software[edit]

Product nameRelease dateDescription
Alloy 2August 14, 2012[1]channel strip plugin with EQ, Transient Shaper, Dynamics, Exciter, Limiter, and De-Esser
ANR-BMay 10, 2007[2]iZotope's only hardware unit — adaptive realtime noise reduction for broadcast audio
BreakTweakerJanuary 23, 2014[3]drum sculpting and beat sequencing machine that blurs the line between rhythm and melody
DDLY Dynamic DelayFebruary 9, 2016[4]responds to track musical dynamics to create unique delays
InsightNovember 13, 2012[5]CALM Act compliant essential metering suite
Iris 2November 19, 2014[6]spectral sampling re-synthesizer featuring spectral selection tools
NectarNovember, 2010[7]vocal production suite
Nectar 2October 18, 2013[8]
Nectar 3October 16, 2018
NeutronOctober 5, 2016[9]audio mixing plug-in suite including advanced analysis and metering
Neutron 2October 5, 2017[10]
Neutron 3June 6, 2019[11]
Ozone 7November 3, 2015[12]mastering suite with equalizer and dynamic eq, dynamics processing, exciter, spectral shaping processor, imager, maximizer, track referencing system and mastering assistant
Ozone 8October 5, 2017[10]
Ozone 9October 3, 2019[13]
RX 6April 20, 2017[14]audio restoration suite
RX 7September 13, 2018
Stutter EditJanuary 13, 2011[15]sample stutter effects and slicing
Tonal Balance ControlOctober 5, 2017[10]visual analysis tool measuring the distribution of energy across frequency spectrum, comparing audio to program-specific or custom-created targets
Trash 2November 19, 2012[16]64-bit modeling of guitar amplifiers, distortions, delays and filters
VinylFebruary 1, 2001[17]record simulation and lo-fi effect

Mobile applications[edit]

  • Spire — iOS recording app
  • iDrum and iDrum Mobile (acquired on December 4, 2006)[18] — virtual drum machine[19]
  • Music and Speech Cleaner — audio cleanup and enhancement suite[20]
  • Sonifi — mobile remix mobile application developed by Sonik Architects[21]
  • The T-Pain Effect (released July 20, 2011)[22] — beat and vocal recording software with pitch correction

Third-party plugins[edit]

  • Ozone Maximizer Rack Extension (released June 14, 2012)[23] for Reason — Reason 6.5 Rack Extension
  • Mastering Essentials (released January 20, 2012)[24] for Acoustica Mixcraft Pro Studio 6
  • Radius (released May 19, 2006)[25] — world-class time stretching and pitch shifting for Logic Pro and SoundTrack Pro

Discontinued products[edit]

  • Ozone MP — analog modeled audio enhancement for Winamp and Windows Media Player
  • pHATmatik PRO[26] — loop-based sampler
  • PhotonShow — photo slideshow software
  • PhotonTV — photo slideshow software
  • Spectron (released March 6, 2003)[27] — 64-bit spectral effects processor[28]

Compatible software[edit]

iZotope's software can be used with Pro Tools, Apple's Logic Pro and GarageBand, Cakewalk SONAR, Nuendo, Digital Performer, WaveLab, Adobe Audition, Magix VEGAS, Reaper, FL Studio, Ableton Live etc.

Hardware[edit]

Izotope recently launched an iPhone-driven physical recording device competing with Zoom and Tascam, branded Spire Studio. It works wirelessly with the Spire IOS app and includes 4Gb of storage and XLR/TS ports for instrument jacks and mics in addition to the on board, internal mic. It is small, portable and not rack mounted and appears to be targeted to smaller bands and single musicians as well as home studios, as well as the podcasting and meeting sectors. Izotope ozone download crackeado.

Licensing[edit]

iZotope has recently branched out its business to include software and technology licensing after ten years of developing audio processing algorithms and tools for their own software. iZotope offers development of technology for Mac and Windows platforms, Mobile, Video Game, and Embedded DSP. Clients have included Sony, Adobe, Xbox, Harmonix,[29]Smule, Sonoma Wire Works, and most recently, Blue Microphones.[30] Algorithms are delivered as a plugin or SDK for easy implementation. To date, iZotope technology has shipped in nearly 68 million products worldwide.[31]

Licensed technologies[edit]

Mac/PC[32]

iZotope has audio technology readily available in the form of VST, DirectX, AudioUnits, RTAS or AudioSuite plug-ins. Typical uses for licensed technology for Mac or PC applications include audio finalizing, music production, audio for video, presentation audio, metering to address broadcast loudness standards, and media playback. Categories of available licensed technologies include audio enhancement, voice enhancement, audio repair tools, creative tools, DJ tools, audiophile tools, time manipulation and audio for video.

Video Games[33]

iZotope has developed plugins for use directly in Audiokinetic WWise for audio enhancement, voice effects occlusion and room modeling. In addition, iZotope has developed sound design tools and special effects for sound designers using the FMOD middleware engine. For middleware engines supporting XAudio and Multistream formats, iZotope has a collection of licensable DSP for use in music related games or karaoke.

Mobile SDKs[34]
  • Core FX
  • Audio Repair
  • DJ FX
  • Vocal FX
  • Trash FX
  • Fun FX
Embedded[35]

Noise reduction DSP is available for use in hardware using Analog Devices SHARC and Blackfin processors. In 2012, iZotope embedded Adaptive Noise Reduction and Keyboard Click Reduction technologies on Blue Microphones' Tiki USB Mic.[36]

Other

Izotopet E Natriumit

  • Omega — realtime time and pitch control
  • Radius — natural time stretching technology. Integrated into Digidesign's Pro Tools Elastic Time as well as Cakewalk SONAR. Available as a plug-in for Apple Logic Pro.
  • SRC — 64-bit sample rate conversion.

Notable licensing partners[edit]

Mac and PCVideo gamesMobile
  • Acoustica (Mixcraft)
  • Sony (Soundforge, ACID)
  • Avid (Pro Tools 10)
  • Adobe (Audition)
  • Serato (DJFX)
  • Image-Line (FL Studio)
  • Telestream (Screenflow)
  • Prism Sound (SADiE 6)
  • Akai (MPC Studio, Renaissance)
  • Audiofile Engineering (Fidelia, Triumph)
  • Cakewalk (Sonar X1)
  • Grass Valley (Edius)
  • Techsmith (Camtasia Studio)
  • Audio Hijack (Rogue Amoeba)
  • Microsoft (Halo 4, Forza 4, Forza Horizon)
  • Ubisoft (Michael Jackson: The Experience)
  • Harmonix (Rockband 3)
  • Capcom (Resident Evil 2, Resident Evil 3, Resident Evil Resistance)
  • Smule (I Am T-Pain)
  • Sonoma Wireworks (GuitarTone)
  • Audiofile Engineering (FIRe 2)
  • Harmonix (VidRhythm)
  • Seven45 Studios (Soulo Karaoke)

Izotopet E Kalciumit

Artist references[edit]

Izotopet E Hekurit

  • iZotope receives credit from Trent Reznor and Nine Inch Nails on the album credits of Year Zero.[37]
  • American record producer Just Blaze mentions using Ozone on his latest project with Jay-Z.[38]
  • Rock band from the US Garbage refers using Stutter Edit, Ozone, and Trash.[39]
  • American DJ Skrillex discusses about using Ozone on his tracks.[40]

Awards and accolades[edit]

  • Emmy Award Technology & Engineering Emmy (2013) — RX 2[41]

References[edit]

  1. ^'Izotope Alloy 2'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  2. ^'Izotope ANR-B'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  3. ^'iZotope Break Tweaker'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  4. ^'iZotope release free DDLY Dynamic Delay'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  5. ^'Izotope Insight'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  6. ^'iZotope Iris 2'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  7. ^'Izotope Nectar'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  8. ^'iZotope Nectar 2'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  9. ^'iZotope Neutron'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  10. ^ abc'iZotope Neutron 2 & Ozone 8'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  11. ^'iZotope announces Neutron 3'. Visuals Producer. June 6, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  12. ^'iZotope Ozone 7'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  13. ^'iZotope Ozone 9 Released - New AI Based Features - Exclusive Demo And Review'. Production Expert. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  14. ^'iZotope RX6'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  15. ^'Izotope Stutter Edit'. Sound on Sound. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  16. ^MusicTech.net (February 6, 2013). 'Trash 2 Review'. MusicTech. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  17. ^'iZotope Releases Free Vinyl Plug-In'. iZotope, Inc. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  18. ^McConnon, Brian. 'IZOTOPE ACQUIRES IDRUM AND PHATMATIK PRO'. iZotope, Inc. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  19. ^'iDrum'. iZotope, Inc.
  20. ^'Music and Speech Cleaner'.
  21. ^'Sonifi iPhone App lets your fingers remix music'. Los Angeles Times. November 17, 2009.
  22. ^McConnon, Brian. 'T-Pain and iZotope Introduce The T-Pain Effect'. Music Marcom. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  23. ^McConnon, Brian. 'iZotope Releases Ozone Maximizer Rack Extension for Reason'. Music Marcom. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  24. ^McConnon, Brian. 'iZotope Introduces Mastering Essentials'. Music Marcom. Archived from the original on May 7, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  25. ^McConnon, Brian. 'iZotope Releases iZotope Radius for Logic'. Music Marcom. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  26. ^McConnon, Brian. 'iZotope Acquires iDrum and pHATmatik PRO'. Music Marcom. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  27. ^'Introducing iZotope Spectron'. iZotope, Inc. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  28. ^'Spectron'. iZotope, Inc.
  29. ^McConnon, Brian. 'iZotope Technology Licensed for Inclusion in Rock Band 3'. iZotope, Inc. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  30. ^'tiki FAQ'. Blue Microphones.
  31. ^'Powered By iZotope'. iZotope, Inc. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
  32. ^'Mac/Win'. iZotope. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
  33. ^'About iZotope Audio Software, Plug-ins, VST'. Izotope.com. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  34. ^'Audio for iOS'. iZotope. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
  35. ^'Embedded Audio Repair Tools'. iZotope. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
  36. ^'AES12: iZotope Technology Embedded Into Microphones'. Sonicstate.com. October 30, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  37. ^'Year Zero'. NinWiki. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  38. ^'Red Bull Music Academy'. Red Bull Music Academy. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  39. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on May 31, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  40. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on June 10, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  41. ^'Winners Announced for the 65th Primetime Emmy Engineering Awards'. Retrieved February 24, 2014.

Further reading[edit]

  • Frakes, Dan (October 7, 2008). 'Editors' Notes – An array of audio offerings at AES – iZotope iDrum Hip-Hop Edition and iDrum Club Edition:'. MacWorld. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
  • Rogerson, Ben (October 6, 2008). 'iZotope Ozone 4 promises better mastering A pro sound from within your DAW?'. MusicRadar.com. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
  • Alexander, Jason Scott (June 1, 2008). 'Field Test: iZotope RX Advanced Restoration SoftwareEASY-TO-USE MODULES OFFER TRANSPARENT, MUSICAL RESULTS'. Mix. Archived from the original on January 7, 2009. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
  • 'IZotope Ozone 4 en janvier..'PC Music (in French). October 7, 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
  • 'iZotope Ozone 4 en enero de 2009'. Hispasonic (in Spanish). Retrieved October 28, 2008.
  • 'RX Review in Mix Magazine - June Issue'. MixMagazine. Archived from the original on January 7, 2009. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
  • 'ANR-B Review in Sound on Sound Magazine - April'. SoundOnSoundMagazine. Archived from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
  • 'RX featured in Electronic Musician 'Noises Off' - August'. ElectronicMusician. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
  • 'Ozone 3 review in Mix Magazine- Mar.2004'. MixMagazine. Retrieved October 28, 2008.

External links[edit]

Izotope E Magnezit

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IZotope&oldid=948840756'